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- Have been able to get work or business/productive activities to
start after the reference period;

- Forced to be absent from work (without continuously receiving
salary/wage or uncertainly returning to the former work) because the
establishment is shrunk or stopped;

- During the off season;

- Unexpected/sudden family duties or being sick or temporarily ill.

Unemployment rate: The indicator expressing the rate between
the number of unemployed persons and the labor force.

Unemployment rate = Number of unemployed persons × 100
(%) Labour force

Underemployed population is employed person who work less
than 35 hours, are willing and ready to work additional hours, in the
reference week.

In which:
Willing to work additional hours, means that (i) they want to do
extra work to increase overtime; (ii) they want to replace one of the
current work being engaged in by another to be able to work overtime;
(iii) they want to increase overtime for one of the existing work, or a
combination of the three expectation above;

Ready to work additional hours means that in the reference time
(a week) if there are job opportunities, they are willing to work
additional hours immediately;

Work less than 35 hours, means that they have worked less than
35 hours during the reference week for all work done.
Underemployment rate is the indicator expressing the rate
between the number of underemployed persons and the employed person.

Formula:

Underemployment rate = Number of underemployed persons × 100
(%) Total number of employed persons

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